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Compare Indian Ocean (2007) - Christmas Island (2004)
Compare Indian Ocean (2007) z Christmas Island (2004)
| Indian Ocean (2007) | Christmas Island (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | NA |
| Airports | - | 1 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total: 68.556 million sq km
note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies |
total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 5.5 times the size of the US | about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | - | NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: NA
expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA |
| Capital | - | The Settlement |
| Climate | northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean | tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April |
| Coastline | 66,526 km | 80 km |
| Constitution | - | NA |
| Country name | - | conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | - | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | NA |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | NA |
| Economy - overview | The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in mid-2004 |
| Electricity - consumption | - | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production | - | NA kWh |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m
highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea | NA |
| Ethnic groups | - | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
| Exchange rates | - | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | - | NA |
| Exports - commodities | - | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | - | Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | - | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | NA |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 80 00 E | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Highways | - | total: 240 km
paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | - | NA |
| Imports - commodities | - | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | - | principally Australia |
| Independence | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA |
| Industries | - | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | - | total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | NA |
| International organization participation | - | none |
| Irrigated land | - | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | - | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | NA |
| Land boundaries | - | 0 km |
| Land use | - | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001) |
| Languages | - | English (official), Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | - | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | - | NA |
| Location | body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Political Map of the World | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | - | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| National holiday | - | Australia Day, 26 January (1788) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules | phosphate, beaches |
| Net migration rate | - | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| People - note | - | The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1508 as of the 2001 Census |
| Political parties and leaders | - | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | none |
| Population | - | 396 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA |
| Population growth rate | - | -9% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Flying Fish Cove |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) |
| Religions | - | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
| Sex ratio | - | NA (2004 est.) |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | - | NA |
| Terrain | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | - | NA children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA |
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